тренировка past perfect и past simple
Past Perfect и Past Simple – разница, упражнения
Обычно, понимание разницы между Past Simple и Past Perfect не вызывает сложности. Давайте, тем не менее, еще раз поговорим на эту тему.
Базовая разница между Past Simple и Past Perfect очевидна. Действие, выраженное Past Simple, произошло в прошлом, а выраженное Past Perfect – до момента в прошлом.
Alan finished his essay at 10pm yesterday. – Алан закончил сочинение вчера в 10 вечера. (Past Simple)
Alan had finished his essay by 10pm yesterday. – Вчера к 10 вечера Алан закончил писать сочинение. (Past Perfect).
В первом случае, at 10pm yesterday дает нам момент прошлого, во втором случае, фраза by 10pm yesterday указывает на то, что действие произошло до момента.
On his birthday, Jaсk got up at eight. Нe opened his presents and then he went to the zoo with his family. – В свой День Рождения Джек встал в восемь. Он открыл свои подарки, а затем пошел в зоопарк с членами своей семьи.
Хотя номинально Джек проснулся и открыл подарки до того, как пошел в зоопарк, то есть эти действия произошли до момента в прошлом, но данное предложение представляет собой повествование о последовательности некоторых действий, поэтому мы и используем только Present Simple.
Еще несколько примеров предложений с последовательностью действий:
Jack came home, opened his laptop and read his email. – Джек пришел домой, открыл ноутбук и прочел электронную почту.
Sandy took off her clothes, cleaned her teeth and went to bed. – Сэнди разделась, почистила зубы и легла спать.
Сигнальные слова Past Simple и Past Perfect.
Решая, какое время употребить в предложении – Past Simple или Past Perfect – вы также можете обратить внимание на следующие сигнальные слова:
В повествовательных предложениях с последовательностью действий также:
Если с вышеперечисленными сигнальными словами все ясно, то слова after, when и before могут вызвать затруднения.
After
After является сигнальным словом для Past Perfect только в том случае, когда после него следует подлежащее со сказуемым.
After Jack had opened his presents, he went to the zoo with his family.
Однако, если после after идет дополнение, а только затем — подлежащее и сказуемое, то необходимо использовать Past Simple.
After opening his presents, Jack went to the zoo.
When
В зависимости от ситуации when может использоваться как с Simple Past так и с Past Perfect. Сравним примеры:
When Jack saw the elephants at the zoo, he was amazed. Когда Джек увидел слонов в зоопарке, он был впечатлен (увидел и был впечатлен одновременно).
When Jack had seen the elephants, he also wanted to see the hippos. Когда Джек посмотрел слонов, он также захотел увидеть бегемотов (вначале посмотрел на слонов, а потом захотел увидеть бегемотов).
Таким образом, в случае одновременности действий используется Past Simple (или Past Continuous), a в случае, когда одно действие предшествовало другому – Past Perfect.
Давайте теперь закрепим понимание и выполним несколько упражнений.
Разница между Past Simple и Past Perfect – упражнения.
Прежде чем перейти к выполнению данных упражнений, советую вам попрактиковаться и выполнить упражнения на Past Simple и упражнения на Past Perfect.
Упражнение 1. Use Past Simple or Past Perfect.
Упражнение 2. Найдите и исправьте ошибки в употреблении времен.
Ответы к упражнениям.
1 arrived / discovered / had forgotten, 2 bought / went, 3 opened / found / had forgotten, 4 got / had broken, 5 had known / got, 6 was / had cleaned, 7 arrived / learnt / had just left, 8 felt / had eaten, 9 tidied / sat /had, 10 opened / saw / was
Надеюсь, вы поняли в чем разница между Past Simple и Past Perfect.
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Past Simple и Present Perfect: упражнения с ответами
Сегодня будем решать задачки, касающиеся употребления Present Perfect и Past Simple. Рекомендую сразу вспомнить случаи употребления Present Perfect и правила Past Simple. Основные отличительные моменты привожу в следующей табличке:
Имейте ввиду: выполняя упражнения и решая, какое время использовать — Present Perfect или Past Simple, Вы должны обращать внимания на все вышеуказанные обстоятельства, ибо одного из них может быть недостаточно для верного определения времени. Надеюсь, вам понятны различия между Past Simple и Present Perfect.
Итак, собственно, упражнения.
Past Simple or Present Perfect. Exercises.
Упражнение 1. Complete the pairs of sentences. Use the Present Perfect in one sentence and the Past Simple in the other.
I (know) _______ him when I was at school.
He (live) _______ in New York since 2001.
I (not see) _______ Pete last night.
We (be) _______ in this class since September.
I (not watch) _______ a video at the weekend.
Упражнение 2. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.
1. I ________ (never/ be) to the USA. I ______ (want) to go there last summer but I couldn’t.
2. He _______ (live) in this street all his life.
3. His father ________ (come back) to London last Sunday.
4. Yan __________ (write) a letter to Nick two days ago.
5. He ________ (send) his letter yesterday.
6. They ________ (just/ buy) some postcards.
Упражнение 3. Fill in last night, ever, ago, just, yet, always in the right place.
1. Nick’s uncle went to Russia 3 years.
2. Mr. Rambler has come back from Belarus.
3. Nick has wanted to visit Belarus.
4. Mr. Rambler saw Yan.
5. They haven’t visited this old castle.
6. Have you been to England?
Упражнение 4. Choose the correct option.
Упражнение 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.
1. Maria (get) ______ some bad news last week. She (be) ______ sad since she (get) ______ the bad news.
2. I (start) ______ school when I was five years old. I (be) ______ at school since I (be) ______ five years old.
3. I (change) ______ my job three times this year.
4. I (change) ______ my job three times last year.
5. The weather was hot and dry for many weeks. But two days ago it (rain) ______.
6. Tom (break) ______ his leg five days ago. He’s in hospital. He (be) ______ in hospital since he (break) ______ his leg.
7. Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? — I (finish) ______ it (already). I (finish) ______ my work two hours ago.
Упражнение 6. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.
1. I (have, just) ______ a nice pot of coffee. Would you like a cup?
2. I (see, not) ______ Steve this morning yet.
3. Carol and I are old friends. I (know) ______ her since I (be) ______ a freshman in high school.
4. Maria (have) ______ a lot of problems since she (come) ______ to this country.
5. I (go) ______ to Paris in 2003 and 2006.
6. A car came round the corner and I (jump) ______ out of the way.
7. Don’t throw the paper away because I (not to read) ______ it yet.
8. Is Jim going to eat lunch with us today? — No. He (eat) ______ (already).He (eat) ______ lunch an hour ago.
9. Since we (start) ______ doing this exercise, we (complete) ______ some sentences.
10. I (be) ______ never to Italy.
Упражнение 7. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.
1. You (ever work) ______ in a shop?
2. I (work) ______ at my uncle’s shop when I was younger.
3. It’s the first time I (be) ______ on a ship.
4. Ann is looking for her key. She can’t find it. She (lose) ______ her key.
5. How many symphonies Beethoven (compose) ______?
6. Look! Somebody (spill) ______ ink on the notebook.
7. You (have) ______ a holiday this year yet?
8. You (see) ______ any good films recently?
9. He (have, not) ______ any problems since he (come ) ______ here.
Упражнение 8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Present Perfect
1. I (cut) ______ some flowers from my garden yesterday. I (cut) ______ lots of flowers from my garden so far this summer.
2. I (not / see) ______ Tom lately.
3. The artist (draw) ______ a picture of sunset yesterday. She (draw) ______ many pictures of sunsets in her lifetime.
4. I (feed) ______ birds at the park yesterday. I (feed) ______ birds at the park every day since I (lose) ______ my job.
5. Ann (wake up) ______ late and (miss) _______ her breakfast on Monday.
6. I (forget) ______ to turn off the stove after dinner. I (forget) ______ to turn off the stove a lot of times in my lifetime.
7. The children (hide) ______ in the basement yesterday. They (hide) ______ in the basement often since they (discover) ______ a secret place there.
8. The baseball player (hit) ______ the ball out of the stadium yesterday. He (hit) ______ a lot of homeruns since he (join) ______ our team.
9. We first (meet) ______ in 2001. So we (know) _______ each other for 8 years.
Упражнение 9. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.
1. She (change) ______ a lot since she left school.
2. I (see) ______ this film and I don’t want to see it again.
3. Jazz (originate) ______ in the United States around 1900.
4. Tom Hanks (win) ______ an Oscar several times already.
5. Long ago, they (build) ______ most houses out of wood.
6. Scientists still (not/find) ______ a cure for cancer.
7. Sean (eat, never) ______ Chinese food before.
8. In my first job, I (be) ______ responsible for marketing.
9. The last job I (apply) ______ for required applicants to speak some Japanese.
10. The first modern Olympics (take) ______ place in Athens more than a hundred years ago.
11. I am writing in connection with the advertisement which (appear) ______ in December.
Упражнение 10. Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.
My family and I (move) from London to Cardiff last summer, so we (live) in Cardiff for seven months now. I miss my friends in London. My best friend is called Megan. We (meet) at primary school, so I (know) her for nine years. Unfortunately, I (not see) her since last summer.
I go to Greystone Secondary School in Cardiff. I (be) at the school since last September. At first I (not like) it because I (not have) any friends here. But the students in my class are really nice and I’m happy here now.
Упражнение 11. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
Упражнение 12. Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.
Helen: That’s a nice tennis racket. Is it new?
Andy: No, (I/have) ________ it for about a year, but ( I/not play) _______ with it very much. ( I/buy) ________ it in Florida.
Helen: When ( you/go) ________ to America?
Andy: ( I/go) ________ there with my family in the spring.
Helen: What was it like?
Andy: Great! (I/stay) ___________ with my penfriend.
Helen: Is your penfriend American?
Andy: Yes. ( I/have) ________ an American penfriend for two years. (he/come) __________ to England last summer.
Helen: (I/not meet) _______ him.
Andу: No, (you/be) ______ on holiday in Turkey.
Упражнение 13. Choose the correct form of the verb.
Ответы:
1 have known / knew, 2 lived / has lived, 3 haven’t seen / didn’t see, 4 were / have been, 5 haven’t watched / didn’t watch
1 have never been / wanted, 2 has lived, 3 came back, 4 wrote, 5 sent, 6 have just bought
1. Nick’s uncle went to Russia 3 years ago.
2. Mr. Rambler has just come back from Belarus.
3. Nick has always wanted to visit Belarus.
4. Mr. Rambler saw Yan last night.
5. They haven’t visited this old castle yet.
6. Have you ever been to England.
1 ‘s had, 2 took, 3 played, 4 haven’t eaten, visited
1 got / has been / got, 2 started, have been / was, 3 have changed, 4 changed, 5 rained, 6 broke / has been / broke, 7 have already finished / finished
1 have just had, 2 haven’t seen, 3 have known /was, 4 has had / came, 5 went, 6 jumped, 7 haven’t read, 8 has already eaten / ate, 9 started /have completed, 10 have never been
1 have you ever worked, 2 worked, 3 have been, 4 has lost, 5 did Beethoven compose, 6 has spilt, 7 have you had, 8 have you seen, 9 hasn’t had / came
1 cut / have cut, 2 haven’t seen, 3 drew / has drawn, 4 fed / have fed /lost, 5 woke up / missed, 6 forgot / have forgotten, 7 hid / have hidden / discovered, 8 hit / has hit / joined, 9 met / have known
1 has changed, 2 have seen, 3 originated, 4 has won, 5 built, 6 haven’t found, 7 has never eaten, 8 was, 9 applied, 10 took, 11 appeared
Moved, have lived, met, have known, haven’t seen, have been, didn’t like, didn’t have.
Возможны и другие варианты ответов.
Have had, haven’t played, bought, did you go, went, stayed, have had, came, didn’t meet, were
1 went, 2 ‘ve finished, 3 was, 4 Have you been, 5 I’ve caught, 6 was, 7 played, 8 I’ve already seen, 9 has been, 10 haven’t seen, 11 stayed, 12 went, 13 ‘ve had, 14 waited
Возможно, Вам также нужны:
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Past Simple.Past Perfect.
Самостоятельная работа по временам Past Simple.Past Perfect.
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«Past Simple.Past Perfect.»
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. 1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before.5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field.
В-2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands.2. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework.3. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).4. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o’clock.5. I (to finish) my homework at seven o’clock.6. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer.
1. 1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before.5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field.
В-2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands.2. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework.3. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).4. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o’clock.5. I (to finish) my homework at seven o’clock.6. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer.
1. 1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before.5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field.
В-2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands.2. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework.3. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).4. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o’clock.5. I (to finish) my homework at seven o’clock.6. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer.
Времена группы Past (Simple, Continuous, Perfect). Упражнения на повторение. Тест.
Повторяем времена группы Past — Past Tenses, а именно Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect. Упражнения взяты из сборника упражнений Ю. Голицынский, частично изменены и дополнены. В конце раздела «Повторение» вам предлагается выполнить заключительный тест.
Времена группы Past (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous) — повторение. Past Tenses Revision
A. Сопоставьте время глагола Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous и характер действия:
В. Подберите примеры:
a. Дети занимались английским с 16.00 до 18.00.
b. Она приготовила ужин к времени его прихода.
c. Когда я пришел домой, дети ждали меня уже несколько часов.
d. В детстве я любил играть в солдатики (tin soldires).
e. Мы пошли на рыбалку, поймали много рыбы, затем приготовили уху и съели ее.
С. Переведите примеры на английский язык.
Упражнения на прошедшие времена в английском языке Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect в сравнении
Упражнение вводное. Сопоставьте время глагола и временное выражение.
then, when? (вопрос), when he came, when (в значении after) he came, before he came, from 2 till 3, at 5 o`clock yesterday, by the time he came, yesterday, last night/ year, a week/month ago, in 1999, the other day, while, all day/ night/ morning, after, etc.
Past Simple: ___________________
Past Continuous: ____________________
Past Perfect: ___________________
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. By two o’clock the teacher (to examine) all the students.
2. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home.
3. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the exams successfully.
4. The poor boy (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to him.
5. All the passengers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a lot in his life.
6. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to leave) home.
7. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood.
8. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin).
9. When I (to come) home, my mother (to go) shopping.
10. He (to study) French before he (to enter) the university.
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. I (to think) he already (to go) home.
2. I (not to see) him after we (to meet )at the concert.
3. He (to leave) the house before I (to have ) time to ask him anything.
4. After he (to spend) some days in Paris he (to feel) lonely and (to want) to return home.
5. He (to speak) a language we never (to hear) before.
6. When the rain (to stop), I (to look ) out of the window.
7. The telegram (to come) some minutes after he (to leave).
8. She (to think) that Tom and Lanny (to quarrel).
9. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the window.
10. He (to remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning.
11. By the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends with many passengers.
12. When my uncle (to leave), he (to hurry) to the station to book a ticket.
Сравните употребление Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect.
1. By eight o’clock yesterday I (to finish) my work and at eight I (to play) the piano.
2. By six o’clock father (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner.
3. By nine o’clock yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV.
4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice-cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street.
5. When father (to come) home, we (to cook) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood.
6. When I (to see) Ann, she (to look) at the flowers which she (to pick) in the field.
7. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces.
8. When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and a student (to write) a test.
9. When I (to come) home my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library.
10. When mother (to come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to cook) in the morning.
11. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still (to learn) the poem which he (to begin) learning at school.
12. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) with a ball which Pete (to bring) from home.
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect.
Last night we (to go) to a football match. We (to take) a bus. The bus (to be) overcrowded as many people (to want) to see the match. We (to get) off the bus and (to go) in the direction of the stadium. While we (to cross) the road, I (to see) Victor. He (to stand) at the corner. He said he (to wait) for his friend who (to come) to St. Petersburg the day before and (to wish) to see the new stadium. A man (to come) up to me and asked if I (to have) a spare ticket for the match. Victor told us that two boys just (to ask) him whether he (to have) a spare ticket. We (to enter) the stadium just as the football players (to come) out on to the field. At the entrance to the stadium we (to meet) Sergei. He (to show) us to our seats and (to ask) me if I (to play) football in my childhood. We (to agree) to meet in the snack bar during the interval.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect.
1. There (to be) two men in the room. One of them (to write) something while the other (to read) a newspaper.
2. He (not to tell) me that he (to receive) a telegram from her.
3. She (to say) that he (to give) her the wrong address.
5. I (to ask) him where he (to put) my hat.
6. He (to tell) us that they (to spend) all the money.
7. I (to sit) in an armchair and (to think) of my coming trip across the North Sea when the door suddenly (to open) and an old friend of mine whom I (not to see) for a very long time (to enter) the room.
8. She (to come) to see us just at the time when we (to have) dinner. It (to be) the first time I (to see) her.
9. I (to see) him when he (to leave) the hotel.
10. He (to leave) the house before I (to have) time to ask him anything.
11. I (to find) the old man in the garden. He (to talk) to some children who (to stand) around listening to him.
12. He (to tell) me that he (to learn) it from the newspaper.
13. He (to enter) the room, (to take) something from the desk and (to go) out.